Which of the following areas is NOT typically included in literacy development?

Data analysis is not typically included in literacy development because literacy primarily focuses on the ability to read, write, and communicate effectively. It encompasses areas such as reading comprehension, which involves understanding and interpreting text, writing skills that pertain to the ability to express thoughts in written form, and language understanding, which is essential for both speaking and deciphering language structures. Although data analysis is a valuable skill, especially in the context of understanding statistics or research findings, it does not directly relate to the foundational components of literacy that are aimed at enhancing communication and comprehension skills. Thus, the correct answer highlights an area outside the core focus of literacy development.