What is likely the primary factor for a 2nd grader reading slowly with frequent pauses?

The primary factor for a 2nd grader reading slowly with frequent pauses is that the student does not decode text automatically. Automatic decoding is crucial for fluent reading, as it allows readers to recognize words effortlessly. When decoding is not automatic, students tend to focus heavily on individual letters and sounds, which can cause them to read slowly and with interruptions. This struggle can impede their ability to comprehend the text, as they may be preoccupied with decoding rather than understanding the meaning of what they're reading.

In early reading development, building automaticity in decoding is essential. It allows children to transition from sounding out words to recognizing them instantly, fostering overall fluency. Once readers can decode automatically, they can devote more cognitive resources to comprehension and enjoyment of reading, leading to better reading skills over time.

This understanding highlights the importance of supporting students in developing their decoding skills to encourage smoother and more fluent reading.