What are the key components of fluency in reading?

Fluency in reading encompasses several essential components, and accuracy, speed, and proper expression are crucial factors that define what it means to read fluently.

Accuracy refers to the ability to read words correctly, which is foundational for comprehension. If a reader makes frequent mistakes, it disrupts their understanding of the text. Speed, or the rate at which a student reads, allows for smoother reading and can enhance comprehension when reading is done at an appropriate pace. Proper expression includes the ability to convey meaning through intonation and phrasing, which reflects an understanding of the text and engages listeners when reading aloud.

Together, these elements contribute to a fluent reader’s ability to understand and convey meaning effectively while maintaining the rhythm and flow of the language. In contrast, other choices may touch on elements related to reading but do not capture the complete definition of fluency as effectively. For instance, while vocabulary, comprehension, and retention are important for overall literacy, they do not specifically address the mechanical aspects of fluency that include accuracy, speed, and expression.